You need not only to open the ports, but to do a port forward to your Zipper IP.
When you start Zoiper, it will call your your SIP trunk provider over port 5060 to register. And when a call is initiated, your carrier will send you a packet (I believe UDP) to any range in the 10,000:20,000 port as you noted. You should ask your provider for the actual range of ports to use, as it varies by vendor.
If your firewall allows, it will be best to allow traffic on those ports AND coming from the IP of your provider to be forwarded to your Zoiper device. That way you still have those ports available for the rest of the devices at your home/office.